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DoublyLinkedList

data-structure-typed


data-structure-typed / DoublyLinkedList

Class: DoublyLinkedList<E, R>

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:144

Doubly linked list with O(1) push/pop/unshift/shift and linear scans.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Examples​

// Browser history
const browserHistory = new DoublyLinkedList<string>();

browserHistory.push('home page');
browserHistory.push('search page');
browserHistory.push('details page');

console.log(browserHistory.last); // 'details page';
console.log(browserHistory.pop()); // 'details page';
console.log(browserHistory.last); // 'search page';
// DoublyLinkedList for LRU cache implementation
interface CacheEntry {
key: string;
value: string;
}

// Simulate LRU cache using DoublyLinkedList
// DoublyLinkedList is perfect because:
// - O(1) delete from any position
// - O(1) push to end
// - Bidirectional traversal for LRU policy

const cacheList = new DoublyLinkedList<CacheEntry>();
const maxSize = 3;

// Add cache entries
cacheList.push({ key: 'user:1', value: 'Alice' });
cacheList.push({ key: 'user:2', value: 'Bob' });
cacheList.push({ key: 'user:3', value: 'Charlie' });

// Try to add a new entry when cache is full
if (cacheList.length >= maxSize) {
// Remove the oldest (first) entry
const evicted = cacheList.shift();
console.log(evicted?.key); // 'user:1';
}

// Add new entry
cacheList.push({ key: 'user:4', value: 'Diana' });

// Verify current cache state
console.log(cacheList.length); // 3;
const cachedKeys = [...cacheList].map(entry => entry.key);
console.log(cachedKeys); // ['user:2', 'user:3', 'user:4'];

// Access entry (in real LRU, this would move it to end)
const foundEntry = [...cacheList].find(entry => entry.key === 'user:2');
console.log(foundEntry?.value); // 'Bob';
// Find first matching element
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([5, 10, 15, 20]);
console.log(list.find(n => n >= 12)); // 15;
// Iterate over elements
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([1, 2, 3]);
const sum: number[] = [];
list.forEach(n => sum.push(n));
console.log(sum); // [1, 2, 3];

Extends​

Type Parameters​

E​

E = any

R​

R = any

  1. Node Structure: Each node contains three parts: a data field, a pointer (or reference) to the previous node, and a pointer to the next node. This structure allows traversal of the linked list in both directions.
  2. Bidirectional Traversal: Unlike singly linked lists, doubly linked lists can be easily traversed forwards or backwards. This makes insertions and deletions in the list more flexible and efficient.
  3. No Centralized Index: Unlike arrays, elements in a linked list are not stored contiguously, so there is no centralized index. Accessing elements in a linked list typically requires traversing from the head or tail node.
  4. High Efficiency in Insertion and Deletion: Adding or removing elements in a linked list does not require moving other elements, making these operations more efficient than in arrays. Caution: Although our linked list classes provide methods such as at, setAt, addAt, and indexOf that are based on array indices, their time complexity, like that of the native Array.lastIndexOf, is 𝑂(𝑛). If you need to use these methods frequently, you might want to consider other data structures, such as Deque or Queue (designed for random access). Similarly, since the native Array.shift method has a time complexity of 𝑂(𝑛), using an array to simulate a queue can be inefficient. In such cases, you should use Queue or Deque, as these data structures leverage deferred array rearrangement, effectively reducing the average time complexity to 𝑂(1).

Constructors​

Constructor​

new DoublyLinkedList<E, R>(elements?, options?): DoublyLinkedList<E, R>;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:152

Create a DoublyLinkedList and optionally bulk-insert elements.

Parameters​

elements?​

| Iterable<E, any, any> | Iterable<R, any, any> | Iterable<DoublyLinkedListNode<E>, any, any>

Iterable of elements or nodes (or raw records if toElementFn is provided).

options?​

DoublyLinkedListOptions<E, R>

Options such as maxLen and toElementFn.

Returns​

DoublyLinkedList<E, R>

New DoublyLinkedList instance.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(N)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase<E, R, DoublyLinkedListNode<E>>.constructor

Properties​

first​

Get Signature​

get first(): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:204

Get the first element value.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Returns​

E | undefined

First element or undefined.


Get Signature​

get head(): DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:173

Get the head node.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Returns​

DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined

Head node or undefined.


last​

Get Signature​

get last(): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:213

Get the last element value.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Returns​

E | undefined

Last element or undefined.


length​

Get Signature​

get length(): number;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:195

Get the number of elements.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Returns​

number

Current length.

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.length


maxLen​

Get Signature​

get maxLen(): number;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:100

Upper bound for length (if positive), or -1 when unbounded.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Returns​

number

Maximum allowed length.

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.maxLen


tail​

Get Signature​

get tail(): DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:184

Get the tail node.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Returns​

DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined

Tail node or undefined.


toElementFn​

Get Signature​

get toElementFn(): ((rawElement) => E) | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:48

Exposes the current toElementFn, if configured.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1).

Returns​

((rawElement) => E) | undefined

The converter function or undefined when not set.

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.toElementFn

Methods​

[iterator]()​

iterator: IterableIterator<E>;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:61

Returns an iterator over the structure's elements.

Parameters​

args​

...unknown[]

Optional iterator arguments forwarded to the internal iterator.

Returns​

IterableIterator<E>

An IterableIterator<E> that yields the elements in traversal order.

Remarks​

Producing the iterator is O(1); consuming the entire iterator is Time O(n) with O(1) extra space.

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.[iterator]


addAfter()​

addAfter(existingElementOrNode, newElementOrNode): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:526

Insert a new element/node after an existing one.

Parameters​

existingElementOrNode​

E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

Existing element or node.

newElementOrNode​

E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

Element or node to insert.

Returns​

boolean

True if inserted.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.addAfter


addAt()​

addAt(index, newElementOrNode): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:479

Insert a new element/node at an index, shifting following nodes.

Parameters​

index​

number

Zero-based index.

newElementOrNode​

E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

Element or node to insert.

Returns​

boolean

True if inserted.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Example​

// Insert at position
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([1, 3]);
list.addAt(1, 2);
console.log(list.toArray()); // [1, 2, 3];

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.addAt


addBefore()​

addBefore(existingElementOrNode, newElementOrNode): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:501

Insert a new element/node before an existing one.

Parameters​

existingElementOrNode​

E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

Existing element or node.

newElementOrNode​

E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

Element or node to insert.

Returns​

boolean

True if inserted.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.addBefore


at()​

at(index): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:409

Get the element at a given index.

Parameters​

index​

number

Zero-based index.

Returns​

E | undefined

Element or undefined.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Example​

// Access by index
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<string>(['a', 'b', 'c']);
console.log(list.at(1)); // 'b';
console.log(list.at(2)); // 'c';

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.at


clear()​

clear(): void;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:627

Remove all nodes and reset length.

Returns​

void

void

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Example​

// Remove all
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([1, 2]);
list.clear();
console.log(list.isEmpty()); // true;

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.clear


clone()​

clone(): this;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:781

Deep clone this list (values are copied by reference).

Returns​

this

A new list with the same element sequence.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(N)

Example​

// Deep copy
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([1, 2, 3]);
const copy = list.clone();
copy.pop();
console.log(list.length); // 3;

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.clone


concat()​

concat(...items): this;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:462

Concatenate lists/elements preserving order.

Parameters​

items​

...( | E | LinearBase<E, R, LinkedListNode<E>>)[]

Elements or LinearBase instances.

Returns​

this

New list with combined elements (this type).

Remarks​

Time O(sum(length)), Space O(sum(length))

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.concat


delete()​

delete(elementOrNode?): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:590

Delete the first match by value/node.

Parameters​

elementOrNode?​

E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

Element or node to remove.

Returns​

boolean

True if removed.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Example​

// Remove first occurrence
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([1, 2, 3, 2]);
list.delete(2);
console.log(list.toArray()); // [1, 3, 2];

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.delete


deleteAt()​

deleteAt(index): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:566

Delete the element at an index.

Parameters​

index​

number

Zero-based index.

Returns​

E | undefined

Removed element or undefined.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Example​

// Remove by index
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<string>(['a', 'b', 'c']);
list.deleteAt(1);
console.log(list.toArray()); // ['a', 'c'];

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.deleteAt


deleteWhere()​

deleteWhere(predicate): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:745

Delete the first element that satisfies a predicate.

Parameters​

predicate​

(value, index, list) => boolean

Function (value, index, list) → boolean to decide deletion.

Returns​

boolean

True if a match was removed.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)


entries()​

entries(): IterableIterator<[number, E]>;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:207

Return an iterator of [index, value] pairs (Array-compatible).

Returns​

IterableIterator<[number, E]>

Remarks​

Provided for familiarity when migrating from Array. Time O(n), Space O(1) per step.

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.entries


every()​

every(predicate, thisArg?): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:87

Tests whether all elements satisfy the predicate.

Parameters​

predicate​

ElementCallback<E, R, boolean>

Function invoked for each element with signature (value, index, self).

thisArg?​

unknown

Optional this binding for the predicate.

Returns​

boolean

true if every element passes; otherwise false.

Remarks​

Time O(n) in the worst case; may exit early when the first failure is found. Space O(1).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.every


fill()​

fill(
value,
start?,
end?): this;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:279

Fill a range with a value.

Parameters​

value​

E

Value to set.

start?​

number = 0

Inclusive start.

end?​

number = ...

Exclusive end.

Returns​

this

This list.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(1)

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.fill


filter()​

filter(callback, thisArg?): this;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:799

Filter values into a new list of the same class.

Parameters​

callback​

ElementCallback<E, R, boolean>

Predicate (value, index, list) → boolean to keep value.

thisArg?​

unknown

Value for this inside the callback.

Returns​

this

A new list with kept values.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(N)

Example​

// Filter elements
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
const evens = list.filter(n => n % 2 === 0);
console.log([...evens]); // [2, 4];

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.filter


find()​

Call Signature​

find<S>(predicate, thisArg?): S | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:163

Finds the first element that satisfies the predicate and returns it.

Finds the first element of type S (a subtype of E) that satisfies the predicate and returns it.

Type Parameters​
S​

S

Parameters​
predicate​

ElementCallback<E, R, S>

Type-guard predicate: (value, index, self) => value is S.

thisArg?​

unknown

Optional this binding for the predicate.

Returns​

S | undefined

The matched element typed as S, or undefined if not found.

Remarks​

Time O(n) in the worst case; may exit early on the first match. Space O(1).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.find

Call Signature​

find(predicate, thisArg?): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:164

Finds the first element that satisfies the predicate and returns it.

Finds the first element of type S (a subtype of E) that satisfies the predicate and returns it.

Parameters​
predicate​

ElementCallback<E, R, unknown>

Type-guard predicate: (value, index, self) => value is S.

thisArg?​

unknown

Optional this binding for the predicate.

Returns​

E | undefined

The matched element typed as S, or undefined if not found.

Remarks​

Time O(n) in the worst case; may exit early on the first match. Space O(1).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.find


findIndex()​

findIndex(predicate, thisArg?): number;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:147

Find the first index matching a predicate.

Parameters​

predicate​

ElementCallback<E, R, boolean>

(element, index, self) => boolean.

thisArg?​

unknown

Optional this for callback.

Returns​

number

Index or -1.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(1)

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.findIndex


findLast()​

findLast(elementNodeOrPredicate): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:689

Find the first value matching a predicate scanning backward (tail → head).

Parameters​

elementNodeOrPredicate​

| E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | ((node) => boolean)

Element, node, or predicate to match.

Returns​

E | undefined

Matching value or undefined.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Example​

// Find value scanning from tail
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([1, 2, 3, 4]);
// findLast scans from tail to head, returns first match
const found = list.findLast(node => node.value < 4);
console.log(found); // 3;

findLastIndex()​

findLastIndex(predicate): number;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:707

Find the index of the last value matching a predicate (scans tail → head).

Parameters​

predicate​

(value, index, list) => boolean

Function called with (value, index, list).

Returns​

number

Matching index, or -1 if not found.

Remarks​

Provided for familiarity when migrating from Array. Time O(n), Space O(1).


forEach()​

forEach(callbackfn, thisArg?): void;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:133

Invokes a callback for each element in iteration order.

Parameters​

callbackfn​

ElementCallback<E, R, void>

Function invoked per element with signature (value, index, self).

thisArg?​

unknown

Optional this binding for the callback.

Returns​

void

void.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(1).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.forEach


getBackward()​

getBackward(elementNodeOrPredicate): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:671

Parameters​

elementNodeOrPredicate​

| E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | ((node) => boolean)

Returns​

E | undefined

Deprecated​

Use findLast instead. Will be removed in a future major version.


getNode()​

getNode(elementNodeOrPredicate?): DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:439

Find a node by value, reference, or predicate.

Parameters​

elementNodeOrPredicate?​

| E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | ((node) => boolean)

Element, node, or predicate to match.

Returns​

DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined

Matching node or undefined.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)


getNodeAt()​

getNodeAt(index): DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:426

Get the node reference at a given index.

Parameters​

index​

number

Zero-based index.

Returns​

DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined

Node or undefined.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Example​

// Get node at index
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<string>(['a', 'b', 'c']);
console.log(list.getNodeAt(1)?.value); // 'b';

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.getNodeAt


has()​

has(element): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:188

Checks whether a strictly-equal element exists in the structure.

Parameters​

element​

E

The element to test with === equality.

Returns​

boolean

true if an equal element is found; otherwise false.

Remarks​

Time O(n) in the worst case. Space O(1).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.has


includes()​

includes(element): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:199

Check whether a value exists (Array-compatible alias for has).

Parameters​

element​

E

Element to search for (uses ===).

Returns​

boolean

true if found.

Remarks​

Provided for familiarity when migrating from Array. Time O(n), Space O(1).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.includes


indexOf()​

indexOf(searchElement, fromIndex?): number;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:417

Linked-list optimized indexOf (forwards scan).

Parameters​

searchElement​

E

Value to match.

fromIndex?​

number = 0

Start position.

Returns​

number

Index or -1.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(1)

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.indexOf


isEmpty()​

isEmpty(): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:613

Check whether the list is empty.

Returns​

boolean

True if length is 0.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Example​

// Check empty
console.log(new DoublyLinkedList().isEmpty()); // true;

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.isEmpty


isNode()​

isNode(elementNodeOrPredicate): elementNodeOrPredicate is DoublyLinkedListNode<E>;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:242

Type guard: check whether the input is a DoublyLinkedListNode.

Parameters​

elementNodeOrPredicate​

| E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | ((node) => boolean)

Element, node, or predicate.

Returns​

elementNodeOrPredicate is DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

True if the value is a DoublyLinkedListNode.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)


join()​

join(separator?): string;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:218

Join all elements into a string.

Parameters​

separator?​

string = ','

Separator string.

Returns​

string

Concatenated string.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(n)

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.join


keys()​

keys(): IterableIterator<number>;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:218

Return an iterator of numeric indices (Array-compatible).

Returns​

IterableIterator<number>

Remarks​

Provided for familiarity when migrating from Array. Time O(n), Space O(1) per step.

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.keys


lastIndexOf()​

lastIndexOf(searchElement, fromIndex?): number;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:440

Linked-list optimized lastIndexOf (reverse scan).

Parameters​

searchElement​

E

Value to match.

fromIndex?​

number = ...

Start position.

Returns​

number

Index or -1.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(1)

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.lastIndexOf


map()​

map<EM, RM>(
callback,
options?,
thisArg?): DoublyLinkedList<EM, RM>;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:847

Map values into a new list (possibly different element type).

Type Parameters​

EM​

EM

RM​

RM

Parameters​

callback​

ElementCallback<E, R, EM>

Mapping function (value, index, list) → newElement.

options?​

DoublyLinkedListOptions<EM, RM>

Options for the output list (e.g., maxLen, toElementFn).

thisArg?​

unknown

Value for this inside the callback.

Returns​

DoublyLinkedList<EM, RM>

A new DoublyLinkedList with mapped values.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(N)

Example​

// DoublyLinkedList for...of iteration and map operation
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

// Iterate through list
const doubled = list.map(value => value * 2);
console.log(doubled.length); // 5;

// Use for...of loop
const result: number[] = [];
for (const item of list) {
result.push(item);
}
console.log(result); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.map


mapSame()​

mapSame(callback, thisArg?): this;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:813

Map values into a new list of the same class.

Parameters​

callback​

ElementCallback<E, R, E>

Mapping function (value, index, list) → newValue.

thisArg?​

unknown

Value for this inside the callback.

Returns​

this

A new list with mapped values.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(N)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.mapSame


pop()​

pop(): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:304

Remove and return the tail element.

Returns​

E | undefined

Removed element or undefined.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Example​

// DoublyLinkedList pop and shift operations
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([10, 20, 30, 40, 50]);

// Pop removes from the end
const last = list.pop();
console.log(last); // 50;

// Shift removes from the beginning
const first = list.shift();
console.log(first); // 10;

// Verify remaining elements
console.log([...list]); // [20, 30, 40];
console.log(list.length); // 3;

print()​

print(): void;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:298

Prints toVisual() to the console. Intended for quick debugging.

Returns​

void

void.

Remarks​

Time O(n) due to materialization, Space O(n) for the intermediate representation.

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.print


push()​

push(elementOrNode): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:269

Append an element/node to the tail.

Parameters​

elementOrNode​

E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

Element or node to append.

Returns​

boolean

True when appended.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Example​

// basic DoublyLinkedList creation and push operation
// Create a simple DoublyLinkedList with initial values
const list = new DoublyLinkedList([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

// Verify the list maintains insertion order
console.log([...list]); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

// Check length
console.log(list.length); // 5;

// Push a new element to the end
list.push(6);
console.log(list.length); // 6;
console.log([...list]); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.push


pushMany()​

pushMany(elements): boolean[];

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:374

Append a sequence of elements/nodes.

Parameters​

elements​

| Iterable<E, any, any> | Iterable<R, any, any> | Iterable<DoublyLinkedListNode<E>, any, any>

Iterable of elements or nodes (or raw records if toElementFn is provided).

Returns​

boolean[]

Array of per-element success flags.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.pushMany


reduce()​

Reduces all elements to a single accumulated value.

Param​

Reducer of signature (acc, value, index, self) => nextAcc. The first element is used as the initial accumulator.

Param​

Reducer of signature (acc, value, index, self) => nextAcc.

Param​

The initial accumulator value of type E.

Template​

The accumulator type when it differs from E.

Param​

Reducer of signature (acc: U, value, index, self) => U.

Param​

The initial accumulator value of type U.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(1). Throws if called on an empty structure without initialValue.

Call Signature​

reduce(callbackfn): E;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:225

Parameters​
callbackfn​

ReduceElementCallback<E, R>

Returns​

E

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.reduce

Call Signature​

reduce(callbackfn, initialValue): E;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:226

Parameters​
callbackfn​

ReduceElementCallback<E, R>

initialValue​

E

Returns​

E

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.reduce

Call Signature​

reduce<U>(callbackfn, initialValue): U;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:227

Type Parameters​
U​

U

Parameters​
callbackfn​

ReduceElementCallback<E, R, U>

initialValue​

U

Returns​

U

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.reduce


reduceRight()​

reduceRight<U>(callbackfn, initialValue): U;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:552

Right-to-left reduction using reverse iterator.

Type Parameters​

U​

U

Parameters​

callbackfn​

ReduceLinearCallback<E, U>

(acc, element, index, self) => acc.

initialValue​

U

Initial accumulator.

Returns​

U

Final accumulator.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(1)

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.reduceRight


reverse()​

reverse(): this;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:728

Reverse the list in place.

Returns​

this

This list.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Example​

// Reverse in-place
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([1, 2, 3]);
list.reverse();
console.log([...list]); // [3, 2, 1];

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.reverse


search(elementNodeOrPredicate): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:644

Find the first value matching a predicate scanning forward.

Parameters​

elementNodeOrPredicate​

| E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | ((node) => boolean)

Element, node, or predicate to match.

Returns​

E | undefined

Matched value or undefined.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Example​

// Search with predicate
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([10, 20, 30]);
const found = list.search(node => node.value > 15);
console.log(found); // 20;

setAt()​

setAt(index, value): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:548

Set the element value at an index.

Parameters​

index​

number

Zero-based index.

value​

E

New value.

Returns​

boolean

True if updated.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase.setAt


setEquality()​

setEquality(equals): this;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:765

Set the equality comparator used to compare values.

Parameters​

equals​

(a, b) => boolean

Equality predicate (a, b) → boolean.

Returns​

this

This list.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)


shift()​

shift(): E | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:328

Remove and return the head element.

Returns​

E | undefined

Removed element or undefined.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Example​

// Remove from the front
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([10, 20, 30]);
console.log(list.shift()); // 10;
console.log(list.first); // 20;

slice()​

slice(start?, end?): this;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:481

Slice via forward iteration (no random access required).

Parameters​

start?​

number = 0

Inclusive start (supports negative index).

end?​

number = ...

Exclusive end (supports negative index).

Returns​

this

New list (this type).

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(n)

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.slice


some()​

some(predicate, thisArg?): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:110

Tests whether at least one element satisfies the predicate.

Parameters​

predicate​

ElementCallback<E, R, boolean>

Function invoked for each element with signature (value, index, self).

thisArg?​

unknown

Optional this binding for the predicate.

Returns​

boolean

true if any element passes; otherwise false.

Remarks​

Time O(n) in the worst case; may exit early on first success. Space O(1).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.some


sort()​

sort(compareFn?): this;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:179

In-place stable order via array sort semantics.

Parameters​

compareFn?​

(a, b) => number

Comparator (a, b) => number.

Returns​

this

This container.

Remarks​

Time O(n log n), Space O(n) (materializes to array temporarily)

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.sort


splice()​

splice(
start,
deleteCount?, ...
items): this;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:507

Splice by walking node iterators from the start index.

Parameters​

start​

number

Start index.

deleteCount?​

number = 0

How many elements to remove.

items​

...E[]

Elements to insert after the splice point.

Returns​

this

Removed elements as a new list (this type).

Remarks​

Time O(n + m), Space O(min(n, m)) where m = items.length

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.splice


toArray()​

toArray(): E[];

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:275

Materializes the elements into a new array.

Returns​

E[]

A shallow array copy of the iteration order.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(n).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.toArray


toReversed()​

toReversed(): this;

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:319

Return a new instance of the same type with elements in reverse order (non-mutating).

Returns​

this

A new reversed instance.

Remarks​

Provided for familiarity when migrating from Array (ES2023 toReversed). Time O(n), Space O(n).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.toReversed


toReversedArray()​

toReversedArray(): E[];

Defined in: data-structures/base/linear-base.ts:227

Snapshot elements into a reversed array.

Returns​

E[]

New reversed array.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(n)

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.toReversedArray


toVisual()​

toVisual(): E[];

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:287

Returns a representation of the structure suitable for quick visualization. Defaults to an array of elements; subclasses may override to provide richer visuals.

Returns​

E[]

A visual representation (array by default).

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(n).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.toVisual


unshift()​

unshift(elementOrNode): boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:353

Prepend an element/node to the head.

Parameters​

elementOrNode​

E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

Element or node to prepend.

Returns​

boolean

True when prepended.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Example​

// Add to the front
const list = new DoublyLinkedList<number>([2, 3]);
list.unshift(1);
console.log([...list]); // [1, 2, 3];

unshiftMany()​

unshiftMany(elements): boolean[];

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:389

Prepend a sequence of elements/nodes.

Parameters​

elements​

| Iterable<E, any, any> | Iterable<R, any, any> | Iterable<DoublyLinkedListNode<E>, any, any>

Iterable of elements or nodes (or raw records if toElementFn is provided).

Returns​

boolean[]

Array of per-element success flags.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(1)


values()​

values(): IterableIterator<E>;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:72

Returns an iterator over the values (alias of the default iterator).

Returns​

IterableIterator<E>

An IterableIterator<E> over all elements.

Remarks​

Creating the iterator is O(1); full iteration is Time O(n), Space O(1).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase.values


fromArray()​

static fromArray<E, R>(this, data): any;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:226

Create a new list from an array of elements.

Type Parameters​

E​

E

R​

R = any

Parameters​

this​

Object

The constructor (subclass) to instantiate.

data​

E[]

Array of elements to insert.

Returns​

any

A new list populated with the array's elements.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(N)


Protected Members​

_toElementFn?​

protected optional _toElementFn?: (rawElement) => E;

Defined in: data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts:39

The converter used to transform a raw element (R) into a public element (E).

Parameters​

rawElement​

R

Returns​

E

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1).

Inherited from​

LinearLinkedBase._toElementFn

Accessors​

_createInstance()​

protected _createInstance(options?): this;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:907

(Protected) Create an empty instance of the same concrete class.

Parameters​

options?​

LinearBaseOptions<E, R>

Options forwarded to the constructor.

Returns​

this

An empty like-kind list instance.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase._createInstance


_createLike()​

protected _createLike<EM, RM>(elements?, options?): DoublyLinkedList<EM, RM>;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:924

(Protected) Create a like-kind instance and seed it from an iterable.

Type Parameters​

EM​

EM = E

RM​

RM = R

Parameters​

elements?​

| Iterable<EM, any, any> | Iterable<RM, any, any> | Iterable<DoublyLinkedListNode<EM>, any, any>

Iterable used to seed the new list.

options?​

DoublyLinkedListOptions<EM, RM>

Options forwarded to the constructor.

Returns​

DoublyLinkedList<EM, RM>

A like-kind DoublyLinkedList instance.

Remarks​

Time O(N), Space O(N)


_ensureNode()​

protected _ensureNode(elementOrNode): DoublyLinkedListNode<E>;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:866

(Protected) Create or return a node for the given input (node or raw element).

Parameters​

elementOrNode​

E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

Element value or node to normalize.

Returns​

DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

A DoublyLinkedListNode for the provided input.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)


_ensurePredicate()​

protected _ensurePredicate(elementNodeOrPredicate): (node) => boolean;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:877

(Protected) Normalize input into a predicate over nodes.

Parameters​

elementNodeOrPredicate​

| E | DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | ((node) => boolean)

Element, node, or node predicate.

Returns​

A predicate function taking a node and returning true/false.

(node) => boolean

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)


_getIterator()​

protected _getIterator(): IterableIterator<E>;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:935

Internal iterator factory used by the default iterator.

Returns​

IterableIterator<E>

An iterator over elements.

Remarks​

Implementations should yield in O(1) per element with O(1) extra space when possible.

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase._getIterator


_getNodeIterator()​

protected _getNodeIterator(): IterableIterator<DoublyLinkedListNode<E>>;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:951

Iterate linked nodes from head to tail.

Returns​

IterableIterator<DoublyLinkedListNode<E>>

Iterator over nodes.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(1)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase._getNodeIterator


_getPrevNode()​

protected _getPrevNode(node): DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:897

(Protected) Get the previous node of a given node.

Parameters​

node​

DoublyLinkedListNode<E>

A node in the list.

Returns​

DoublyLinkedListNode<E> | undefined

Previous node or undefined.

Remarks​

Time O(1), Space O(1)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase._getPrevNode


_getReverseIterator()​

protected _getReverseIterator(): IterableIterator<E>;

Defined in: data-structures/linked-list/doubly-linked-list.ts:943

Reverse-direction iterator over elements.

Returns​

IterableIterator<E>

Iterator of elements from tail to head.

Remarks​

Time O(n), Space O(1)

Overrides​

LinearLinkedBase._getReverseIterator